After the grain refining master alloy is added to the melt, a large number of heterogeneous nucleation cores are released, which can be used as the external nucleation during melt solidification, affect the nucleation process of melt crystallization, and thus play the role of refining alloy grains. The main aluminum alloy grain refining master alloy products at home and abroad are Al-Ti, Al-Ti-B, al-ti-b-re, Al-Ti-C, al-ti-b-c, etc. Copper alloy grain refining master alloy products mainly include cu-b, Cu Fe and Cu Zr. Cu-b master alloy can be used for grain refining of brass, Cu Fe master alloy can be used for grain refining of aluminum bronze and Cu Zr master alloy can be used for grain refining of brass.
Al-Ti and Al-Ti-B Master alloys have high cost performance in grain refinement of aluminum alloys. They are widely used in industry. Due to the biphasic nucleation of TiAl3 and TiB2, the refining effect of Al-Ti-B Master Alloy is better than that of Al Ti master alloy. However, TiB2 particles in Al-Ti-B Master Alloy have obvious aggregation. At the same time, when the aluminum alloy contains alloying elements such as Zr, Cr, V and Mn, it will seize B in TiB2 particles and form corresponding boride, which will "poison" TiB2 particles, so as to weaken or lose the effect of refiner. Al-ti-b-re, Al-Ti-C and al-ti-b-c are new grain refiners, which overcome (or partially overcome) the above shortcomings of Al-Ti-B Master Alloy. Al-ti-b-re master alloy is the addition of mixed rare earth on the basis of Al-Ti-B Master Alloy. Rare earth is a surface active element, which can increase the wetting angle between aluminum melt and altire, TiAl and TiB2 particles, improve the spreading property, and effectively avoid particle aggregation or precipitation. However, the serious segregation of TiB2 and other particles can only be alleviated to a certain extent, so the whole preparation process still needs strong stirring. Al-Ti-C grain refiner overcomes the shortcomings of Al-Ti-B to a certain extent. Its heterogeneous nucleation core TIC has a smaller aggregation tendency than TiB2 and is immune to Zr, Cr, V, Mn and other elements. However, the economic addition mode of C element, the stability of refining effect and industrial scale production still need to be further studied.
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